NON-LETHAL LIVESTOCK PROTECTION
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Livestock Guardian Dogs:
Livestock guardian dogs are a fairly effective short-term deterrent. The Kangal Shepherd dog is commonly bred and specially trained for this task. Other breeds include the Great Pyrenees, the Anatolian Shepherd Dog, and the Kuvasz. Livestock guardian dogs are specially trained to alert the rancher of a wolf nearby; and can be driven away. Chances are, if a wolf notices that a dog (or multiple dogs) is nearby, they will see it as a threat to them or their offspring and will avoid conflict. However, livestock guardian dogs are only effective short-term.
Turbo Fladry:
Turbo fladry is an effective deterrent that prevents conflicts with wolves and other predators. Turbo fladry consists of bright red nylon flags attached to an electric wire. The flags moving in the wind are enough to scare the wolves away, and the electric wiring delivers a quick, sharp shock when an animal touches it. Most animals will be discouraged from approaching the fence due to its association with the shock. While shocks from electric fences are certainly perceivable, they are not harmful.
Drone Hazing:
Drone hazing is an effective non-lethal technique used to haze wolves away from livestock and other animals. In 2022, USDA Wildlife Services conducted a study in southwestern Oregon where drone hazing was used to deter wolves from livestock. During the 85-day study, 51 wolf-livestock interactions occurred. From July 12th & August 1st, 11 depredations were confirmed with drones absent. Within that same period, drones were added, and only two depredations occurred; proving them to be highly effective and non-lethal.